Introduction
Working as a doctor in the United Kingdom is not only prestigious but also offers a secure, well-paid, and purpose-driven career. The UK's healthcare system—anchored by the National Health Service (NHS)—continues to seek qualified doctors to fill vital positions across hospitals, clinics, and general practices. Whether you're a UK-trained professional or an internationally educated medical graduate, the UK offers multiple pathways to practise medicine legally and successfully.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about becoming a doctor in the UK, including eligibility, licensing, job search platforms, common pitfalls, and the step-by-step process.
Why Doctors Are in Demand in the UK
The UK has long faced a shortfall of medical practitioners due to rising demand and limited domestic supply. Contributing factors include:
- An ageing population with increased healthcare needs
- Expansion of healthcare services under the NHS
- Retirement of senior doctors and staffing gaps post-Brexit
- COVID-19 pandemic impact, exposing systemic vulnerabilities
- Increased demand for specialists in fields like emergency medicine, psychiatry, and geriatrics
Doctors—especially in fields like General Practice, Psychiatry, and Emergency Medicine—are on the UK’s Shortage Occupation List, making it easier for foreign applicants to secure work visas.
Types of Doctor Roles in the UK
The UK offers diverse medical career pathways. The primary categories include:
- General Practitioners (GPs): Community-based doctors providing ongoing care
- Hospital Doctors: Work in NHS or private hospitals across different specialties
- Consultants: Senior specialists in a medical or surgical field
- Junior Doctors: Foundation or specialty trainees
- Locum Doctors: Freelance doctors working temporarily across facilities
- Clinical Fellows: Doctors involved in research, education, or non-training service roles
Specialties include internal medicine, surgery, radiology, paediatrics, anaesthetics, emergency medicine, psychiatry, pathology, and more.
Eligibility Criteria For Applying For A Doctor Job In The Uk
For UK-Trained Doctors
- Completion of a recognised medical degree (MBBS or equivalent)
- Two years of Foundation Training (F1 and F2)
- Entry into Specialty Training based on chosen field
- Registration with the General Medical Council (GMC)
For International Medical Graduates (IMGs)
- Medical degree from a WHO-recognised institution
- Pass IELTS or OET to demonstrate English proficiency
- Pass the PLAB test (if required)
- Apply for GMC registration
- Secure sponsorship from an NHS trust or approved employer
- Apply for a Health and Care Worker Visa
Exemptions from PLAB may apply to those with qualifications like MRCP, MRCS, or from countries with recognised training programs (e.g., Australia, Canada).
Step-by-Step Guide to Becoming a Doctor in the UK
Step 1: Confirm Your Medical Degree
Ensure your qualification is accepted by the GMC and listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools.
Step 2: Meet English Language Requirements
Choose either of the following:
- IELTS Academic: Minimum overall score of 7.5 (no less than 7.0 in each band)
- OET for Medicine: Minimum grade B in all four components
Step 3: Pass the PLAB Test
Most international doctors must clear:
- PLAB 1: Multiple-choice exam (can be taken overseas)
- PLAB 2: OSCE-style practical exam (held in the UK)
Doctors with accepted postgraduate qualifications may bypass this.
Step 4: Apply for GMC Registration
You can now apply for full GMC registration with a license to practise, enabling you to work in the UK legally.
Step 5: Apply for Jobs
Apply to NHS or private sector roles suited to your qualifications. Positions may be:
- Training posts (leading to specialist registration)
- Non-training posts (e.g., Clinical Fellowships, Trust Grade roles)
Step 6: Secure Visa and Relocate
Once you have a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS), apply for the Health and Care Worker Visa, which allows you to bring dependants and offers a fast-tracked process.
Where to Find Doctor Jobs in the UK
Some of the best platforms to search for doctor jobs include:
These sites allow you to filter by specialty, location, visa sponsorship, and experience level.
Average Salary for Doctors in the UK
Salaries vary based on role, experience, and location.
Junior Doctors (FY1/FY2)
- £32,398 – £43,923 per year
Specialty Doctors and Registrars
- £55,329 – £78,399 per year
Consultants
- £93,666 – £126,281 per year
General Practitioners (GPs)
- Salaried GP: £65,000 – £98,000 per year
- GP Partner: £90,000 – £120,000 (includes profit share)
- Locum GPs: £60 – £120 per hour
Doctors working nights, weekends, or in remote areas may receive additional pay.
Working Conditions and Benefits
Doctors working for the NHS benefit from structured working hours, protected breaks, and annual leave. Standard benefits include:
- NHS Pension Scheme
- Sick leave and maternity/paternity leave
- Study leave and CPD funding
- Indemnity insurance
- 27 to 32 days of annual paid leave
Many roles also offer flexibility through part-time work, remote consultations, and portfolio careers.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Choosing the Wrong Job Type
Non-training roles do not lead to specialist registration. Understand the implications before accepting offers.
2. Poor English Language Prep
Failing IELTS/OET delays your GMC registration. Allocate adequate study time.
3. Underestimating PLAB
Many underestimate the PLAB 2 practical exam. Consider enrolling in preparatory courses.
4. Ignoring Sponsorship Requirements
Always check that your employer can issue a Certificate of Sponsorship.
5. Lack of Financial Planning
Relocation, exams, and visa fees can cost between £5,000–£10,000. Budget accordingly.
Opportunities for Career Progression
UK doctors enjoy a well-structured career ladder. Options include:
- Becoming a Consultant or GP Partner
- Subspecialising in areas like cardiology, neurology, or oncology
- Teaching and training junior doctors
- Medical research or leadership roles in hospitals
- Public health or health policy advisory roles
Legal Protections and Work Rights
All doctors in the UK are protected under employment law and GMC ethical standards. Rights include:
- Freedom from discrimination
- Right to appeal disciplinary action
- Legal redress for unfair dismissal
- Protection from harassment or unsafe work conditions
Doctors are also backed by strong unions such as the British Medical Association (BMA).
Conclusion
A medical career in the UK offers financial stability, global recognition, and the chance to contribute meaningfully to a world-class healthcare system. The path—particularly for international doctors—requires planning, credential verification, and resilience, but the rewards are worth the effort.
With structured training, abundant job opportunities, and government support for overseas applicants, the UK remains one of the top destinations for aspiring doctors from around the world.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can foreign doctors work in the UK without PLAB?
Yes, if they have a recognised postgraduate qualification or are from countries with mutual recognition agreements.
2. How long does it take to become a consultant in the UK?
It usually takes around 7–9 years post-foundation training, depending on the specialty.
3. Is it hard to get a job as an international doctor in the UK?
Not if you meet the GMC requirements, pass PLAB (if required), and apply for a visa-sponsored role.
4. Can I bring my family with a Health and Care Visa?
Yes. You can bring dependents, and they can work or study in the UK.
5. Are there permanent and temporary roles?
Yes. Roles range from full-time permanent to temporary locum posts, offering great flexibility.
